What preparations do mothers who want to have a second child need to make?

The two-child policy has been implemented in my country. Many parents with stable financial conditions have begun to think about having a second baby. Although it is not the first time to have a baby, the necessary examinations and preparations should not be missed. In fact, the preparations for the second child are no less than those for the first child. So, what problems may arise if you have another baby? What preparations are needed for having a second child? If the first child is delivered by caesarean section, will it affect the second child?

What do you need to prepare for having a second child?

1. Both men and women should go to the hospital for medical examinations. If they are found to have genetic diseases that are medically not recommended for childbearing or if they have physical illnesses, they still need to cooperate with medical treatment first to avoid affecting the next generation.

2. Both men and women must have a healthy mental state. If they are in a state of mental stress or depression for a long time, it is not suitable to have a second child for the time being, because emotions have a great impact on the healthy growth of the fetus.

3. Both men and women should avoid serious bad habits, such as heavy alcohol dependence, heavy smoking, etc. These are high-voltage lines for healthy fertility. It is recommended that couples who want to have a baby must start to regulate their bodies three months before pregnancy. Do not touch any irritating food or entertainment, and never have a fluke mentality. If you have high blood pressure, diabetes or

Patients with chronic diseases should consider pregnancy only after the disease is under control and does not affect pregnancy and fertility. They should also consult about the impact and risks of the original disease after another pregnancy.

There should be enough time interval between the second pregnancy, because both caesarean section and natural childbirth will cause harm to the female body. If you get pregnant hastily without taking good care of your body, it will not only increase the risk of pregnancy, but also affect the subsequent recovery of women, prolong the recovery period, etc. Generally speaking, if the first child is a natural birth, the mother can consider pregnancy after one year, and the mother who had a caesarean section needs 2 years.

After examination, if a postpartum woman's reproductive system, including the fallopian tubes and uterus, is in normal condition, she can start considering having a second child. Of course, the expectant father should not relax at this time, but should actively exercise, develop healthy living habits, and work hard to improve sperm quality.

Recently, the hottest topic of discussion is the "policy of allowing single couples to have a second child". A survey shows that nearly half of single couples want to have a second child. They range from young mothers in their early thirties who have just given birth to babies to women in their forties whose children are already in elementary school. So, what problems may arise in having another baby? What preparations should be made? Will a cesarean section for the first child affect the birth of the second child? What is the appropriate interval between the first and second births? What should older mothers pay attention to in order to ensure the health and safety of both mother and child? In response to these questions, the reporter recently interviewed relevant experts.

The recovery period for a first-born child is relatively short

For "single" families who are preparing to have a second child, preparation is very important. After the implementation of the "single" second child policy in Shandong Province, if women of the right age and who wish to get pregnant again, should remove the IUD three months in advance, go to the hospital for relevant examinations and evaluations, and plan for conception. Routine pre-pregnancy examinations include: gynecological internal examination, leucorrhea routine, cervical scraping, infrared breast ultrasound, abdominal B-ultrasound (uterus + appendages), urine routine, blood routine, hepatitis B two pairs and a half + hepatitis A and hepatitis C antibody test, renal function, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, full set of malformation (rubella, toxoplasmosis, syphilis screening), chromosome abnormalities, internal medicine examination, and sex hormones. In addition, folic acid needs to be supplemented during the preparation period and the three months before pregnancy to prevent infant malformations.

In addition, do not eat raw, cold, spicy food, do not drink alcohol, do not eat bitter melon, nuts, longan, increase nutrition, eat light and nutritious food, such as fish, meat, eggs, bean products, etc. Eat protein-rich food and fresh vegetables rich in vitamins. Do not use skin care products that irritate the skin. You can choose a fragrance-free, pigment-free facial cleanser with less irritation, or choose baby soap and shower gel.

Generally speaking, if the first child is a normal birth, then the recovery period is relatively short. Generally, after one year, the physiological functions of women are basically restored after childbirth. After examination, if the reproductive system such as the fallopian tubes and uterus are in normal condition, you can consider having a second child. Director Chen explained that this is to allow the uterus to recover better and ensure that the body is fully adjusted before having a second child.

Don't rush to have a second baby if you had a cesarean section for your first baby

If the first child was delivered by cesarean section, does the second child also need cesarean section? Theoretically, no. As long as the uterus has recovered well before, the fetal weight is well controlled, and there are no contraindications to vaginal delivery in the next pregnancy, the mother can give birth naturally, but the risk will be relatively increased. Therefore, in clinical practice, the natural delivery of mothers who had a cesarean section for the first child needs to be closely monitored throughout the whole process. For the sake of safety, the proportion of those who eventually choose cesarean section accounts for the vast majority. "For mothers who had a cesarean section for the first child, as long as the ovaries, fallopian tubes and other tissues were not injured during the first cesarean section, doctors generally recommend contraception for more than two years, and when the uterus has recovered almost, they can have a second child. Because the uterus that has undergone cesarean section is a scarred uterus, the possibility of placenta previa is greater, and most of them are dangerous placenta previa." Director Chen reminded that premature pregnancy will cause excessive tension on the uterine scar after cesarean section, with the potential risk of rupture, which can easily cause heavy bleeding, and both mother and child will be in danger.

In addition, there are often local defects in the endometrium at the uterine scar after cesarean section, and the fertilized egg cannot fully decidualize when implanting here, or it may be originally implanted in the normal endometrium, and during the development process, the trophoblast expands to the endometrial area with poor decidualization. Therefore, when the fertilized egg implants in the local endometrial defect of the scar after cesarean section, placenta implantation is very likely to occur. The so-called placenta implantation means that the placenta grows into the myometrium of the uterus, and the placenta cannot be delivered after delivery, which is very likely to cause postpartum hemorrhage and even lead to hysterectomy. If the fertilized egg implants in the lower segment of the uterus, it may develop into placenta previa in the future, and placenta implantation may also occur in early and mid-term pregnancy.

The incidence of placenta previa in patients with scarred uterus increases nearly 5 times, and the low position of the placenta can increase the risk of placenta implantation. Therefore, no matter whether the first child is delivered by vaginal delivery or cesarean section, it is best to consult a doctor in a regular hospital before getting pregnant after the uterus has fully recovered.

Older mothers should control their weight

Clinically, women over 35 years old are classified as older mothers. Older mothers are more likely to have intrauterine growth retardation and premature birth. Older mothers are more likely to suffer from gestational hypertension and diabetes, and have problems with blood pressure and blood sugar, due to their declining physical functions. They need to monitor various physical data more closely. It should be noted that the malformation rate of fetuses of older mothers is relatively high, so prenatal screening must be done to ensure the quality of the fetus at birth.

Director Chen emphasized that the necessary examinations for older expectant mothers are: Ultrasound examinations, which are generally performed twice, at 12 weeks and 20 weeks. This examination can be used to further determine the date of pregnancy and any developmental abnormalities, such as cleft palate, organ abnormalities, etc. The chorionic villus and amniotic fluid examination is performed at around 11 weeks. A biopsy needle is used to enter the uterine cavity through the cervix or abdominal wall to reach the placenta, and a small amount of chorionic villus tissue is taken out for examination. It is also possible to take amniotic fluid and collect embryonic exfoliated cells for examination by needle puncture under anesthesia at around 16 weeks. These are very accurate methods for detecting whether the fetus is abnormal.

The alpha-fetoprotein test is performed between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. It is a non-threatening blood test that measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood and can detect neurological deficits, Down syndrome, kidney and liver disease, etc.

Older multiparous women need to pay more attention to their weight. As they age, their metabolism slows down. A 20-year-old woman consumes 3,000 calories a day, which is just enough to burn them all. However, a 35-year-old woman consumes 2,500 calories a day, but there may be 200 calories left unburned. In other words, older women are more likely to gain weight.

Get in shape before having a second baby

Elderly mothers should pay attention to a balanced intake of nutrients. Eating more will make them fatter, more likely to get diabetes, and their children will be macrosomia. If the first child is delivered by cesarean section, the risk of having a second child will be greatly increased. Director Chen reminds everyone to avoid the following foods: any sweeteners, including sugar, syrup, aspartame candy and chocolate, cola or fruit drinks with artificial sweeteners, canned fruits, margarine, ice cream, frozen juice, sugary peanut butter, salad dressing, etc.

In addition to controlling diet, exercise is also a good way to control weight. Foreign experts recommend that pregnant women over 4 months of pregnancy should exercise for more than 1 hour a day, which can be divided into several times. Suitable exercise methods for pregnant women include gentle yoga, gymnastics and walking. Walking does not mean you have to walk with your belly bulging, but brisk walking at a certain speed, which is effective.

Elderly pregnant women should pay attention to the following points in their health care

Do not ride a men's bicycle with a crossbeam to avoid inconvenience in getting on and off the vehicle; put a thick and soft cotton seat cover on the seat, and adjust the inclination of the seat to make the back slightly higher; do not move vigorously when riding a bicycle, otherwise it is easy to cause congestion in the lower abdominal cavity, which can easily lead to premature birth and miscarriage.

Many pregnant women are used to driving in a forward-leaning position, which can easily cause compression of the uterus and abdominal pressure, especially in the early stages of pregnancy and in the seventh or eighth month of pregnancy, which is most likely to lead to miscarriage or premature birth. If you drive a short distance during pregnancy, do not drive in a forward-leaning position. If the road conditions are bad, it is safer to give up long-distance driving.