Is infantile hemangioma easy to treat? What are the dangers of hemangioma?

Hemangioma sounds like a very serious disease. Hemangioma is most likely to occur in infants and young children, whose bodies are very fragile, and hemangioma likes to grow on the face. So is hemangioma in infants and young children easy to treat? What are the dangers of hemangioma?

Is infantile hemangioma easy to treat?

1. Hemangioma is a benign tumor, and infant hemangioma can be cured.

Surgical treatment: Surgery is to remove the lesion tissue by surgical methods to achieve the purpose of treating hemangioma. However, in general, the lesion area of ​​hemangioma is rich in blood vessels and has a large amount of blood. The amount of bleeding during surgery is very large, often causing severe hemorrhagic shock. A large amount of whole blood needs to be transfused during the operation, which makes the operation difficult and dangerous.

2. Laser treatment

The principle is a high-temperature superficial cauterization to coagulate the hemangioma tissue and achieve the purpose of treating hemangioma. However, the depth of laser treatment is generally controlled within 0.2-0.4mm of the surface skin. If it exceeds 0.4mm, obvious scars will be produced, and deep hemangiomas are prone to bleeding and scar deformities. Therefore, traditional lasers are not suitable for the treatment of cavernous hemangiomas, racemose hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, strawberry hemangiomas, and mixed hemangiomas in deeper locations, so they cannot be widely promoted.

3. Hormone therapy

Hormone therapy is a method of taking adrenal cortex hormones orally. Although a small number of patients can receive satisfactory results from oral corticosteroids, this therapy has great side effects and should not be used casually. The pros and cons should be weighed.

4. Isotope therapy

Isotopes are highly radioactive substances that are very harmful to the human body. A large amount of radiation will kill white blood cells, weaken the body's hematopoietic function, and reduce immunity. Isotopes can only have a certain effect on small-area hemangiomas on the body surface, and have little effect on hemangiomas deep under the skin. They will leave scars, and the areas treated with isotopes will leave a lot of spots or color loss (like vitiligo).

What are the dangers of hemangioma?

1. Harm to the visual and auditory systems: Vision. Periorbital hemangiomas have a greater impact on vision, especially hemangiomas on the upper eyelid, which can cause refractory astigmatism, myopia, and strabismus. Retrobulbar capillary hemangiomas can cause blindness. In the late stage, they can cause ptosis and protrusion of the eyeball. Lower eyelid hemangiomas have less impact on vision. Hemangiomas located in the parotid gland can block the external auditory canal, leading to varying degrees of conductive hearing loss. If the hemangioma cannot degenerate on its own, it will affect the hearing of children in the long term and may affect the formation of their language ability.

2. Harm to the respiratory system: Larger hemangiomas in the tongue and pharynx of the respiratory system can block the respiratory tract. Large areas of cervical hemangiomas can compress the trachea and cause severe breathing difficulties. In severe cases, they can lead to suffocation and death of children.

3. Harm to internal organs and bones: Congestive heart failure is a fatal complication for children with multiple subcutaneous and visceral hemangiomas. The incidence of heart failure in multiple subcutaneous hemangiomas without visceral hemangiomas is not high, but due to the extensive abnormal communication of small arteries and veins, it can produce a significant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, which can significantly increase cardiac output, causing shortness of breath, increased heart rate and enlarged heart. Bone damage and limb deformities mainly occur in large areas of cavernous hemangiomas in the limbs and head and face. Because there are extensive arteriovenous anastomoses in the deep tissues and bones around the affected limbs, the blood flow increases, the bone marrow circulation is rich, and the blood oxygen increases, which promotes the thickening and growth of the affected limbs. Bone hemangiomas can also cause destructive changes in bone quality, followed by pathological fractures.

Causes of hemangioma formation

1. Causes of hemangioma formation 1: Genetic factors form hemangiomas. Many people actually have doubts about whether hemangiomas are hereditary. In fact, hemangiomas are significantly different from so-called hereditary diseases. The occurrence and growth of hemangiomas are related to environmental pollution. Hemangiomas are also related to the growth hormones, ripening agents, and additives contained in vegetables, fruits, and meat. In addition to some hemangioma patients having a family history of hemangiomas, hemangiomas are also mainly affected by the estrogen level in the body of hemangioma patients. Therefore, the probability of hemangiomas being inherited is quite small.

2. Cause of hemangioma formation 2: Internal factors form hemangiomas. Estradiol is a type of estrogen in the human body. Most hemangioma patients have too high estrogen levels. Therefore, hemangiomas may be caused by environmental pollution, drug stimulation and adverse factors during pregnancy. Hemangiomas may form due to the need for a large amount of hormone treatment for a certain disease; some irregular medications that lead to excessive hormone intake can also form hemangiomas. An irritable personality can easily induce hemangiomas, and tension that causes hormone level fluctuations can also easily induce hemangiomas.

3. Cause of hemangioma formation: traumatic factors. During pregnancy, severe external factors such as surgery and laser can easily lead to the occurrence of hemangiomas. Some hemangioma experts believe that conventional radiotherapy can induce hemangiomas, viral infections can also induce hemangiomas, and trauma and vascular reactions after bleeding can induce cavernous hemangiomas.

4. Cause of hemangioma formation 4: Dietary factors cause hemangioma. For example, some artificially cultivated seafood and meat products often contain high levels of estrogen, which can indirectly induce hemangioma when entering the human body. Some commonly eaten nutritional supplements contain a lot of animal-derived or plant-derived estrogen or estrogen analogs, which can easily cause endocrine disorders, are bad for the body, and may cause hemangioma. At the same time, frequent smoking, drinking, eating greasy and heavy oils or spicy and irritating and cold foods will also accelerate the growth of hemangiomas in patients with hemangiomas.

What is a hemangioma?

Hemangioma is a congenital benign tumor or vascular malformation, which is common in infants at birth or shortly after birth. It originates from residual embryonic angioblasts. Active endothelial-like germs invade adjacent tissues to form endothelial-like cords, which are connected to the remaining blood vessels after tubulation to form hemangiomas. The blood vessels in the tumor form a self-contained system and are not connected to the surrounding blood vessels. Hemangiomas occurring in the oral and maxillofacial region account for 60% of hemangiomas in the body, most of which occur in facial skin, subcutaneous tissue and oral mucosa, such as tongue, lips, floor of mouth and other tissues, and a few occur in the jaw or deep tissues.

2. Clinical manifestations

1. Capillary hemangioma

The tumor is composed of a large number of intertwined and dilated capillaries. It appears as a bright red or purple-red patch. It is flush with the skin surface or slightly raised, with clear boundaries, irregular shapes, and varying sizes. When the tumor is pressed with fingers, the color fades; after the pressure is released, the color returns.

2. Cavernous hemangioma

The tumor is composed of enlarged vascular cavities and blood sinusoids lined with endothelial cells. The blood sinusoids vary in size and are like sponge-like structures. The sinusoid cavities are filled with venous blood and communicate with each other. It manifests as a soft mass with no subjective symptoms and slow growth. When the head is in a low position, the tumor expands due to congestion. After returning to a normal position, the mass returns to its original state. For superficial tumors, the surface skin or mucous membrane is bluish purple. For deep tumors, the skin color is normal. The mass is soft when palpated, with unclear boundaries and no tenderness. The mass shrinks when squeezed, and returns to its original size after the pressure is released.

3. Racemose hemangioma

It is mainly formed by the anastomosis of dilated arteries and veins. The tumor is raised and looks like a rosary or earthworm. There is a pulsation and tremor when palpated, and a blowing murmur is heard when auscultated. If all the blood supplying arteries are compressed and closed, the above pulsation and murmur will disappear.

3. Causes

During the development of human embryos, especially in the early stages of vascular tissue differentiation, a small range of misconfigurations in the control gene segments lead to abnormal differentiation of tissues in specific parts and develop into hemangiomas. In the early embryonic period (8 to 12 months), the embryonic tissues suffer mechanical damage, and local tissue bleeding causes some hematopoietic stem cells to be distributed to other embryonic characteristic cells, some of which differentiate into vascular-like tissues and eventually form hemangiomas.