Does gestational diabetes affect the IQ of the fetus? What should be paid attention to during gestational diabetes?

The chance of developing diabetes during pregnancy is relatively small, but some pregnant women will develop diabetes during pregnancy. Diabetes has a great impact on both the pregnant woman and the baby, so here we will find out whether gestational diabetes will affect the IQ of the fetus? What should be paid attention to during gestational diabetes?

The incidence of gestational diabetes is about 10%, which has a great impact on the development of the fetus. The fetus of patients with gestational diabetes is prone to macrosomia or underdeveloped fetuses, fetal brain dysplasia, heart retardation, etc., and may also cause fetal mental retardation; pregnant women with diabetes are also prone to stillbirth, intrauterine fetal growth stagnation, and the incidence of miscarriage is greatly increased, and the rate of fetal malformations can reach about 25%. Gestational diabetes should be treated in time and will soon be cured, and it will not cause adverse effects on the fetus. If gestational diabetes does not control blood sugar well, it is easy to cause some adverse consequences to the fetus or newborn, and the harm is relatively large. For example, neuropsychiatric developmental disorders, especially the offspring of gestational diabetes, have a higher incidence of psychomotor developmental disorders, especially when blood sugar is not well controlled, or repeated severe hypoglycemia, which is prone to psychomotor disorders. Others include decreased language function, social skills and eye movement function.

1. Eat small and frequent meals. Eating a large amount of food at one time will cause a rapid rise in blood sugar in the body, which is easy to produce ketone bodies, which is not conducive to blood sugar control. Therefore, patients can divide the food they need to eat into 5-6 meals a day. The time between dinner and breakfast the next day should not be too long. Some snacks can be added before going to bed to achieve the purpose of maintaining a stable blood sugar level.

2. Control the intake of sugar. Patients can eat more foods that are high in fiber, such as whole wheat bread, brown rice, and oatmeal. They can also eat some fruits that are high in minerals, vitamins, and soluble fiber, such as pineapple, kiwi, strawberry, etc.

3. Patients should eat less greasy food and supplement more protein, such as fish, soy products, milk, eggs, dairy products, etc. Because protein can not only maintain the important nutrients needed for the normal development of the placenta and uterus, but also play a very important role in the normal development of the fetus.

Pregnant diabetic patients should participate in outdoor exercise appropriately, especially taking a walk after meals. If the patient can control blood sugar within the standard range by controlling diet and exercise, no medication is needed. If blood sugar control cannot reach a satisfactory standard, then insulin injection should be used for treatment.

Not all patients with diabetes during pregnancy need insulin injections. It depends on the patient's blood sugar condition. For example, if blood sugar is slightly elevated, fasting blood sugar can be controlled below 5.3mmol/L through diet control and exercise, and blood sugar 2 hours after a meal can be controlled below 6.7mmol/L, and insulin injection is not required. If the blood sugar of diabetic patients cannot be controlled within the above range through diet and exercise, it is recommended to use insulin to control blood sugar as early as possible, because good blood sugar control can reduce the occurrence of related adverse pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes. For patients with significantly elevated blood sugar, insulin treatment should be started as soon as possible. Good blood sugar control is beneficial to the development of the fetus and reduces the occurrence of complications such as polyhydramnios, premature birth, miscarriage, and dystocia.

Gestational diabetes refers to a glucose tolerance test done between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Under normal circumstances, fasting blood sugar is 5.1mmol/l, 1 hour after a meal blood sugar is 10.0mmol/l, and 2 hours after a meal is 8.5mmol/l. Exceeding the above values ​​is considered gestational diabetes. Blood sugar control during pregnancy is relatively strict, 5.3mmol/l fasting, 7.8mmol/l 1 hour after a meal, and 6.7mmol/l 2 hours after a meal. If blood sugar is still high after diet control and proper activity, subcutaneous injection of insulin is required. Insulin is generally used until the late pregnancy until the fetus is successfully delivered. After delivery, the blood sugar of most pregnant women can return to normal.