What are the dangers of diabetes during pregnancy? What are the dangers of high blood sugar during pregnancy to the fetus?

Diabetes is a disease that we are all familiar with, and many pregnant women will suffer from diabetes during pregnancy. We all know that diabetes is very harmful to us, and pregnant women suffering from diabetes are very harmful to themselves and the fetus. So what are the hazards of gestational diabetes? What are the hazards of high blood sugar during pregnancy to the fetus?

1. It is easy to get diabetes again after childbirth. According to the results shown by relevant data, expectant mothers who have gestational diabetes during pregnancy have a very high probability of developing type 2 diabetes within five to fifteen years after childbirth, which is about 40%-60%. Women who have not had gestational diabetes during pregnancy have a very low probability of developing type 2 diabetes, which is only 15%.

2. Provoking pregnancy complications. If a woman unfortunately "provokes" diabetes during pregnancy, she may also suffer from pregnancy complications such as mastitis, gestational hypertension, puerperal infection, etc.

3. The amount of amniotic fluid increases. If a pregnant woman suffers from diabetes, her amount of amniotic fluid will increase, even 10 times higher than that of a healthy expectant mother. This can cause premature rupture of membranes and premature birth, which is particularly harmful to the baby.

4. The delivery will be difficult. The delivery process will be longer than that of ordinary pregnant women. It may also lead to tragedies such as dystocia and birth injuries, and the fetal mortality rate will also be higher accordingly.

The incidence of macrosomia is as high as 25% to 42%. The reason is that the blood sugar of pregnant women is high, and the fetus is in a hyperinsulinemia environment caused by maternal hyperglycemia for a long time. It promotes protein and fat synthesis and inhibits lipolysis, resulting in excessive development of the trunk. It can also lag the development of the fetus. The incidence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is 21%. High blood sugar in early pregnancy has the effect of inhibiting embryonic development, resulting in delayed embryonic development in early pregnancy. Miscarriage and premature birth are prone to occur. The incidence of premature birth is 10% to 25%. In more serious cases, the rate of fetal malformations will be higher than that of non-diabetic pregnant women. The incidence of severe malformations is 7 to 10 times that of normal pregnancy, which is closely related to high blood sugar levels in the first few weeks after conception and is an important cause of perinatal death.

Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes, which has a lot to do with the disorder of insulin secretion in pregnant women. If diabetes is not treated in time, it is easy to lead to macrosomia, miscarriage or polyhydramnios, which is harmful to the health of pregnant women and fetuses. Blood sugar needs to be controlled as soon as possible, and severe patients need to cooperate with insulin injection treatment. There are two types of pregnancy-related diabetes. One is a pregnancy complication based on pre-pregnancy diabetes, also known as diabetes combined with pregnancy. The other is diabetes, which only occurs when blood sugar is normal during pregnancy, called gestational diabetes. The main reason is that women's sensitivity to insulin is reduced in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. If the compensatory secretion of insulin is insufficient at this time, the disease is easy to occur. In fact, the clinical manifestations are not typical. The 75g glucose tolerance test is the main diagnostic method. The treatment principle is to actively control the blood sugar of pregnant women and prevent the occurrence of maternal and infant complications.

Gestational diabetes refers to the fact that the pregnant woman did not have diabetes before pregnancy, but was diagnosed with abnormal glucose tolerance after the glucose tolerance screening after 24 weeks of pregnancy. How is it caused? Because after pregnancy, there is an important organ between the fetus and the mother, which is the placenta. During pregnancy, the placenta will produce a lot of hormones, such as oxytocin, and a large amount of glucocorticoids, and often various enzymes. These hormones, such as placental lactogen, are relatively resistant to the effects of insulin, so the increase in its hormone level leads to a corresponding lack of insulin in the pregnant woman's body, which then induces, that is, gestational diabetes.