What should I pay attention to when preparing for pregnancy? What are the precautions before pregnancy?

In order to give birth to a healthy and smart baby, parents have many things to pay attention to before pregnancy. So what are the precautions for pregnancy care? What are the precautions for pregnancy diet? What are the precautions for pre-pregnancy check-ups? What are the precautions for pregnancy diseases? What are the precautions for vaccination? The following editor will introduce you in detail.

Pregnancy care precautions

If a couple plans to get pregnant, they must first ensure that both parties get enough rest and sleep, and have a good lifestyle. In the three months before pregnancy, both husband and wife must quit smoking and drinking, and pay attention to supplementing with sufficient folic acid and calcium, and eat a balanced diet every day to ensure nutrition.

1. Ensure rest and sleep: Ensure adequate sleep every day, otherwise your immune system will be affected and hormone secretion will be disrupted, which is not conducive to pregnancy. Make yourself relaxed. Don't put too much pressure on yourself. You can try to practice yoga, which can relax your mind and exercise your body.

2. Quit smoking and drinking: People have long known that alcohol can damage sperm, and many harmful substances in cigarettes can also kill sperm. You should stop drinking and smoking at least 3 months before conception.

3. Folic acid supplementation: Folic acid plays a big role in the healthy development of the baby. Folic acid deficiency may lead to incomplete development of the fetal brain or malformation, so women should take sufficient folic acid in the first three months of pregnancy. Foods rich in folic acid include amaranth, spinach, lettuce, asparagus, and Chinese cabbage. In the early stages of pregnancy, 0.4 mg of folic acid should be supplemented every day.

4. Calcium supplementation: Calcium is the main component of bones and teeth. It is an indispensable substance in the process of fetal development and is used in large quantities. Foods high in calcium include milk, soy products, eggs, seafood, bone soup, etc. Calcium supplementation should be started when preparing for pregnancy. The required calcium is about 800 mg per day.

Precautions for diet in preparation for pregnancy

Ensure adequate high-quality protein

Protein is an important component of cells and an important raw material for sperm production. Reasonable supplementation of foods rich in high-quality protein is beneficial to coordinating male endocrine functions and improving the quantity and quality of sperm. Foods rich in high-quality protein: deep-sea fish and shrimp, oysters, soybeans, lean meat, eggs, etc. Seafood is not only low in pollution, but also contains nutrients such as DHA and EHA that promote brain development and improve physical fitness, which is very beneficial for prospective fathers. But it cannot be consumed in excess. Excessive intake of protein substances can easily destroy the balanced intake of nutrients in the body, resulting in insufficient intake of vitamins and other substances, and causing acidic constitution, which is very unfavorable for conception.

Reasonable supplementation of minerals and trace elements

Minerals and trace elements in the human body have an equally important impact on male fertility. The most common elements are zinc, selenium and other elements, which are involved in the synthesis and transportation of male testosterone, and help improve the ability of sperm activity and reproductive physiological activities such as fertilization. Zinc can adjust the function of the immune system in the body and improve the activity of sperm. Zinc deficiency in the human body will cause a decrease in sperm count, an increase in the number of abnormal sperm, and decreased sexual and reproductive functions, and even infertility; selenium deficiency will reduce the energy source required for sperm activity and reduce sperm activity. Foods with high zinc content include: shellfish, animal offal, cereal germ, sesame, shrimp, etc.; foods with high selenium content include: kelp, cuttlefish, shrimp, seaweed, etc.

Don’t underestimate fruits and vegetables

Men often look down on fruits and vegetables, thinking that they are girls' diet food. However, they do not know that the large amount of vitamins contained in fruits and vegetables are necessary for male reproductive physiological activities. Some foods containing high vitamins are very helpful in improving the survival quality of sperm. For example, vitamin A and vitamin E have the effect of delaying aging and slowing down chronic functional decline, and also have a good effect on sperm production and improving sperm activity. Lack of these vitamins can often cause spermatogenesis disorders. If men lack various vitamins in fruits and vegetables for a long time, it may hinder the normal development of gonads and sperm production, thereby reducing sperm or affecting the normal activity of sperm, and even leading to infertility.

A moderate amount of fat is also good

Sex hormones are mainly converted from cholesterol in fat. Cholesterol is an important raw material for synthesizing sex hormones. Fat also contains essential fatty acids required for sperm production. If it is deficient, it will not only affect sperm production, but also may cause a decrease in sexual desire. Meat, fish, and eggs contain more cholesterol. Moderate intake is beneficial to the synthesis of sex hormones. Try to eat less pork and choose more fish and poultry, especially deep-sea fish. The essential fatty acids contained in deep-sea fish are involved in the production and balance of hormones and are beneficial to male reproductive health.

Strictly quit smoking and drinking

The number of normal sperm in smokers decreases by 10%, and the sperm deformity rate increases. The longer the smoking time, the more deformed sperm there are and the lower the sperm motility. At the same time, smoking can also cause diseases such as arteriosclerosis. More than 90% of smokers have poor blood circulation in the penis and slower penis erection. Excessive or long-term drinking can accelerate the decomposition of testosterone in the body, leading to a decrease in testosterone levels in men's blood, loss of libido, sperm deformity and impotence. Therefore, for the healthy birth of the next generation, we should try our best to quit smoking and drinking.

Pre-pregnancy check-up precautions

Routine examinations include gynecological examination, blood routine, urine routine, liver function, blood pressure, oral examination, etc.;

If a woman has irregular menstruation, she should consult her doctor about how to time pregnancy.

The main items of physical examination for men are semen examination, urinary system examination and infectious disease screening.

If you have pets at home or need to come into contact with small animals frequently at work, you should also undergo testing for special pathogens (toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes simplex virus, etc.).

There are also some tests related to sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV, hepatitis B, etc. If there are any questions, you must consult your doctor about the pros and cons of pregnancy before making any plans.

If you are found to have certain gynecological diseases, especially sexually transmitted diseases, or periodontal diseases, you should seek timely treatment. It is best to consider pregnancy only after you have been completely cured.

Precautions for diseases during pregnancy

Anemia. Severe anemia not only makes pregnancy painful for pregnant women, but also affects the development of the fetus and is not conducive to postpartum recovery. If you have anemia, you should get enough iron and protein in your food and take appropriate iron supplements. After the anemia is treated, you can get pregnant.

Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is directly transmitted to the fetus, so it must be cured before pregnancy.

Heart disease. Abnormal heart function can cause blood flow obstruction, cause abnormal placental blood vessels, lead to miscarriage, premature birth, and threaten the mother's health and life. Therefore, you must seek medical treatment before pregnancy and listen to the doctor's advice.

Kidney disease. Once a patient with kidney disease becomes pregnant, the condition worsens as the pregnancy continues, causing miscarriage or premature birth, and some patients must terminate the pregnancy. Based on the severity and symptoms of the kidney disease, consult your doctor whether you can become pregnant.

Hypertension. Hypertension patients are more likely to develop pregnancy-induced hypertension, which can become a serious condition. If you are not clear about your blood pressure, you should go to the hospital for a checkup if you have severe headaches, shoulder pain, insomnia, dizziness, edema, etc.

Liver disease. After pregnancy, the burden on the liver increases. If you have liver disease, your liver condition will worsen. If the condition is serious, you must terminate the pregnancy. If the condition is not serious, you can continue the pregnancy under the guidance of a doctor.

Diabetes. Pregnant women with diabetes may suffer from miscarriage, premature birth, and sometimes intrauterine fetal death. In addition, the rate of giving birth to large babies and deformed babies will also increase. Depending on the severity of the disease, ask your doctor whether you can get pregnant.

Cystitis and pyelonephritis. Cystitis can develop into pyelonephritis. Symptoms of cystitis include frequent urination, incomplete urination, and painful urination. Women who have suffered from cystitis must be cured before they can become pregnant.

Vaginitis. There are many types of vaginitis, most of which are caused by candida infection. If you give birth with the disease, it will infect the fetus and cause the newborn to suffer from thrush.

Vaccination precautions

1. Rubella vaccine

To prevent rubella virus infection, inject it 3 months before pregnancy.

2. Hepatitis B vaccine

To prevent hepatitis B, follow the 0, 1, 6 injection schedule. That is, starting from the first injection, the second injection is given 1 month later, and the third injection is given 6 months later. It is recommended to be injected 9 months before pregnancy.

3. Hepatitis A vaccine

To prevent hepatitis A virus, inject it 3 months before pregnancy.

4. Flu vaccine

To protect against several influenza viruses, give this vaccine during the first 3 months of pregnancy.

5. Varicella vaccine

To prevent chickenpox infection, get vaccinated 3 to 6 months before conception.